HBS Gewindebolzen Typ PT Stahl 4.8 verkupfert M8x12

The number before the point multiplied by one hundred gives the nominal value of the tensile strength in N/mm2, the number before the point multiplied by the number after the point and multiplied by 10 gives the nominal value of the lower yield strength in N/mm2. The number after the decimal point provides information about the yield strength, as a percentage of the tensile strength.

Steel is an iron-carbon alloy with a maximum carbon content of 2% by mass. The steels achieve their intended physical and mechanical properties through various hardening, annealing and tempering processes. It is also possible to harden the edge zone by surface hardening, case hardening or nitriding. Well-known steel grades are structural steels, free-machining steels, case-hardening steels, nitriding steels, tempering steels, tool steels and stainless steels.

Copper plating of formed parts such as screws improves corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, wear resistance and solderability. Copper coatings adhere well and are easily formable. As a top coat, copper is mainly used in relay components to provide corrosion protection for magnetic iron base materials.