Phillips (PH) screws, standardized in ISO 8764 (blades) and DIN 7962 (Phillips recess), are widely used. For screws with a Phillips cross slot, the flanks of the cross slots taper as the depth of the slot increases. With the PH system, threaded and self-tapping screws that are difficult to access can be tightened and loosened even from a slight acute angle to the screw axis.

Case hardening is used to impart significantly greater hardness to the surface layer of steel workpieces and to improve their mechanical properties. Case-hardened workpieces are characterised by increased wear resistance, a tough core and improved fatigue strength.